Terminology & Definitions.

Mainstream - The ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional.

Independent - Free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.

Production (stages) - The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.

Distribution - The action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.

Marketing - The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising.

Exchange - An act of giving one thing and receiving another (especially of the same kind) in return.

Multinational Conglomerate - A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries. Often, a conglomerate is a multi-industry company. Conglomerates are often large and multinational.

Monopoly - The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.

Oligopoly - a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.

Name the Big Six (90% of box office takings) Universal Studios, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney, Warner Bros, Paramount and Columbia Pictures. 

Horizontal Integration - The process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. 

Vertical Integration - The combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms.

Synergy - The interaction or cooperation of two or more organisations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Merchandising - The activity of promoting the sale of goods, especially by their presentation in retail outlets.

Ultra Violet - A cloud-based digital rights locker for movies and television shows that allows consumers to store proofs-of-purchase of licensed content in an account to enable playback on different devices using multiple applications from several different streaming services. Ultra Violet only coordinates and manages the licenses for each account, but not the content itself.

 Above the line - where mass media is used to promote brands and reach out to the target consumers. These include conventional media as we know it, television and radio advertising, print as well as internet.

Below the Line - An advertising strategy in which a product is promoted in mediums other than radio, television, billboards, print, film and also the internet.

Technological Convergence/Cross media convergence - The tendency that as technology changes, different technological systems sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks.

Exhibition - This is how the film is shown and exhibited to the public.

Piracy - The unauthorised use or reproduction of another's work.

Hollywood Franchise 4S Model – synergy, spectacle, sequelisation, story. - 

Tie-In - When one product helps another such as websites and campaigns.